| Factor Information | |
|---|---|
| Data ID | 1237 |
| Factor | Male Gender |
| Description | Gender, premature birth (≤37 weeks), and CHD with aortic obstruction were predictive of executive dysfunction, especially for behavior regulation skills. Male gender was associated with increased risk for elevated scores on the Inhibit, Shift, Monitor, and Planning/Organization scales. Contrary to our hypothesis, children with single ventricle defects were not more likely to experience executive dysfunction. |
| Biomarker | NA |
| Classification | E5 (physiological factor - gender) |
| Association | |
|---|---|
| Application | prognosis risk assessment |
| Objective | predictive of executive dysfunction, especially for behavior regulation skills |
| p Value | <0.05 |
| OR | >2.5 |
| Conclusion | School aged children with CHD have an increased prevalence of executive dysfunction, especially problems with working memory and flexibility, and are underserved by the school system. The increased risk for executive dysfunction in those with CHD and prematurity or CHD with aortic obstruction suggests an etiology of delayed brain development in the fetal and neonatal periods, while male gender may increase susceptibility to brain injury. |
| Risk Factor | risk factor |
| CHD Type | |
|---|---|
| ID | 505 |
| CHD Type | isolated CHD/non-isolated CHD |
| CHD Subtype | D-TGA, IVS/D-TGA, VSD/TOF/TOF, PA/TA/VSD/AVC/TA, IAA/VSD, CoA/CoA/AH/SV/PA, IVS/SV/HLHS/other |
| Reference | |
|---|---|
| PMID | 27863079 |
| Year | 2016 |
| Title | Prevalence and pattern of executive dysfunction in school age children with congenital heart disease. |
| Sample | ||
|---|---|---|
| Population | school age children | |
| Source | the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and a medical history questionnaire; normative database. | |
| Region | Washington, USA | |
| Method | the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and a medical history questionnaire | |
| Race | North America | |
| Disease History | N/A | |
| Treatment History | N/A | |
| Group | Male(Treatment) | Female(Control) |
| Number | 53 | 38 |
| Age | mean age: 9.08±2.71 (6-17) years | mean age: 9.08±2.71 (6-17) years |
| Gender (Male: Female) | 53:0 | 0:38 |
| Marker Level | N/A | N/A |
