| Factor Information | |
|---|---|
| Data ID | 2800 |
| Factor | exposure to black smoke |
| Description | For sulfur dioxide, the results were not indicative of any association. |
| Biomarker | NA |
| Classification | B1 (environmental factor - air pollution) |
| Association | |
|---|---|
| Application | risk assessment |
| Objective | To investigate whether maternal exposure to ambient black smoke (BS) and sulfur dioxide is associated with an increased risk of CHD. |
| Conclusion | The authors found a weak association between maternal exposure to black smoke and congenital malformations of cardiac chambers and connections only when using exposure as a continuous variable. |
| Risk Factor | unknown |
| CHD Type | |
|---|---|
| ID | 624 |
| CHD Type | isolated CHD |
| CHD Subtype | VSD/ASD/TOF/CoA/PVS |
| Reference | |
|---|---|
| PMID | 21123851 |
| Year | 2011 |
| Title | Association between maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and congenital heart disease: A register-based spatiotemporal analysis |
| Sample | ||
|---|---|---|
| Population | adults, children | |
| Source | present case-control study | |
| Region | Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom | |
| Method | Using a spatiotemporal modeling framework for exposure assessment, we carried out a casecontrol study. | |
| Race | Europe | |
| Disease History | N/A | |
| Treatment History | N/A | |
| Group | patients with CHD(Treatment) | Controls(Control) |
| Number | 2713 | 9975 |
| Age | N/A | N/A |
| Gender (Male: Female) | 1440:1273 | 5147:4828 |
| Marker Level | N/A | N/A |
