| Factor Information | |
|---|---|
| Data ID | 536 |
| Factor | tumor necrosis factor(TNF) α |
| Description | Endothelin-1, interleukin (IL)-b, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor a, and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly higher in CHD-APAH than controls. |
| Biomarker | YES |
| Classification | E2 (physiological factor - biochemical index) |
| Association | |
|---|---|
| Application | prognosis |
| Objective | higher in CHD-APAH |
| p Value | <0.05 |
| Conclusion | Raised biomarkers for inflammation were found in CHD-APAH. Significant abnormalities in airway physiology may contribute to the dyspnea but are not driven by inflammation as assessed by circulating and sputum cytokines. A relationship between increased serum endothelin-1 and airway dysfunction may relate to its bronchoconstrictive properties. |
| Risk Factor | unknown |
| CHD Type | |
|---|---|
| ID | 466 |
| CHD Type | isolated CHD |
| CHD Subtype | ASD/VSD/TGA/DILV/TA/TOF/PS/TA/EA |
| Reference | |
|---|---|
| PMID | 29444773 |
| Year | 2018 |
| Title | Lung Function, Inflammation, and Endothelin-1 in Congenital Heart Disease-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. |
| Sample | ||
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults | |
| Source | blood and induced sputum | |
| Region | Bristol, United Kingdom | |
| Method | Spirometry, gas transfer, whole body plethysmography and lung clearance index, 6-minute walk distance, and medical research council dyspnea scoring | |
| Race | Europe | |
| Disease History | N/A | |
| Treatment History | N/A | |
| Group | CHD-PAH(Treatment) | healthy volunteers(Control) |
| Number | 20 | 18 |
| Age | Median age (IQR): 42.7 (33.1–57.7) years | Median age (IQR): 31.6 (25.6-38.4) (Healthy Volunteers) |
| Gender (Male: Female) | 8:12 | 9:9 |
| Marker Level | N/A(CHD-APAH) | N/A(Healthy volunteers) |
